O estoicismo e a medicina pneumática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20873/rpvn10v1-40Keywords:
Filosofia, Medicina, Estoicismo, Medicina pneumática, Ateneu de Antália, PneumaAbstract
This paper aims to promote the discussion of a topic rarely explored by historians of philosophy. Pneumatist medicine, a medical-philosophical sect, which was spread in Rome during the Flavian dynasty (69-96 AD) and the reign of Trajan (98-117 AD). The heart of the theme is the influence of Stoicism in Athenaeus of Attaleia, in how the Stoic physics and the theory of pneuma became the foundations of its doctrine. Exploring the Pneumatist School of medicine is, in a broader perspective, to highlight a visceral connection which transcends the supposed boundaries that divide philosophy and medicine.
References
ARISTOTLE. Generation of animals. Translation by A. L. Peck. London: William Heinemann Ltd; Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1937.
ARISTOTELIS. Opera. Immanuelis Bekkeri. Oxford: Oxonii e Typographeo Academico, 1837.
ARNIM, Hans Von. Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta. Eugene: Wipf and Stock, 1903.
CAIRUS, Henrique; RIBEIRO, Wilson. Textos Hipocráticos: o Doente, o Médico e a Doença. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Fio Cruz, 2005.
COUGHLIN, Sean and LEWIS, Orly. Pneuma and the Pneumatist school of medicine. In COUGHLIN, Sean and LEITH, David and LEWIS, Orly. The Concept of Pneuma after Aristotle. Berlin: Berlin Studies of the Ancient World, 2020.
DE LACY, Phillip. Galeni De Elementis ex Hippocratis Sententia. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1972.
DIELS, Hermann. Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker: griechisch und deutsch. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1906.
DIÓGENES LAÊRTIOS. Vidas e doutrinas dos filósofos ilustres. Tradução de Mário da Gama Kury. 2ª edição. Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília, 2008.
DIOGENES LAERTIUS. Lives of Eminent Philosophers. Tiziano Dorandi Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Tradução Press, 2013.
FORTUNA, Stefania. Pseudo-Galenic texts in the editions of Galen (1490-1689). Journal of History of Medicine and Medical Humanities, 32/1, p. 117-138, 2020.
GALENO. Sobre as escolas de medicina para os iniciantes. Tradução de Rodrigo Brito. São Paulo: Editora Unesp, 2022.
HENSLEI, Ian. The physics of pneuma in Early Stoicism. In The Concept of Pneuma after Aristotle. Berlin: Berlin Studies of the Ancient World, 2020.
HINE, Harry. Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Opera: Naturalium Quaestionum Librei. Stuttgart und Leipzig: De Gruyter, 1996.
HIPPOCRATES. Hippocrates Vol. IV. Translation by William Jones. London: William Heinemann Ltd, 1959.
HIPPOCRATES. Oeuvres Completes D'Hippocrate. Émile Littre. Amsterdam: Adolf M. Hakkert, 1961.
HORKY, Phillip. On common breath: ‘conspiration’ from the Stoics to the Church Fathers. In The Life of Breath in Literature, Culture and Medicine Classical to Contemporary. Edited by David Fuller, Corinne Saunders and Jane Macnaughton. Durham: Palgrave, 2021.
KOLLESCH, Jutta. Untersuchungen zu den Pseudogalenischen Definitiones Medicae. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1973.
KOLLESCH, Jutta. Galeni: Definitiones Medicae. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2023.
KÜHN, Karl. Claudii Galeni Opera Omnia. Leipzig: C. Cnobloch, 1821-1833.
KUPREEVA, Inna. Galen’s Theory of Elements. In Philosophical Themes in Galen. Edited by P. Adamson, R. Hansberger and J. Wilberding. London: Institute of Classical Studies, 2014.
LE BLAY, Frédéric. Pneumatism in Seneca: An Example of Interaction between Physics and Medicine. In Greek’ and ‘Roman’ in Latin Medical Texts. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2014.
LEITH, David. Athenaeus of Attaleia on the Elements of Medicine. Apeiron, 57 (2), p. 165-193, 2024.
LEITH, David. The pneumatic theories of Erasistratus and Asclepiades. In The Concept of Pneuma after Aristotle. Edited by Sean Coughlin, David Leith and Orly Lewis. Berlin: Berlin Studies of the Ancient World, 2020.
LEWIS, Orly and LEITH, David. Ideas of pneuma in Early Hellenistic medical writers. In The Concept of Pneuma after Aristotle. Edited by Sean Coughlin, David Leith and Orly Lewis Berlin: Berlin Studies of the Ancient World, 2020.
LONG, Antony. Pneumatic Episodes fromHomer to Galen. In The Life of Breath in Literature, Culture and Medicine Classical to Contemporary. Edited by David Fuller, Corinne Saunders and Jane Macnaughton. Durham: Palgrave, 2021.
LYONS, Malcolm. Galeni De causis contentivis, in CMG Suppl. Or. II. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1969.
MANETTI, Daniela. Anonymus Londiniensis, De Medicina. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2022.
PETIT, Caroline. Galien. Tome III: Le Médecin. Introduction. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 2009.
PLUTARCH. Plutarchi Chaeronensis Moralia, Vol. VI. Edition by Grēgorios Vernardakēs. Leipzig: Teubner, 1895.
PLUTARCH. Plutarch's Morals, Vol. IV. Translation by William Goodwin. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company; Cambridge, MA: Press of John Wilson and Son, 1874.
PIAZZALUNGA, Arianna. Chrysippus’ Theory of Cosmic Pneuma: Some Remarks in Light of Medical and Biological Doctrines on Respiration, Digestion and Pulse. Apeiron, 56 (3), p. 431-467, 2023.
REBOLLO, Regina. O legado hipocrático e sua fortuna no período greco-romano: de Cós a Galeno. Scientiæ Zudia, São Paulo, v. 4, nº 1, p. 45-82, 2006.
SENECA. Cuestiones naturales. Traducción de Carmen Merino. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1979.
SENECA. Natural Questions. Translated by Harry Hine. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2010.
WELLMANN, Max. Die Pneumatische Schule bis auf Archigenes. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1895.
VERBEKE, Gérard. L’évolution de la doctrine du pneuma du Stoicisme à S. Augustin. Étude philosophique. Paris: Éditions de l’Institut Supérieur de Philosophie, 1945.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Bruno Alonso

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Magazine is under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC BY 4.0), according to which:
1) The authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution which allows the sharing of articles published with the recognition of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are authorized to enter into additional contracts separately for distribution of the version of the work published in this journal, as long as there is recognition of authorship and initial publication in Perspectivas.
3) Authors are authorized and encouraged to disseminate published texts with proper references to the journal and its authors.














