Judgment, Conscience and Shylock’s Bond
Resumo
Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar parte da cena do julgamento no Mercador de Veneza de Shakespeare. Embora Portia elogie a misericórdia em seu discurso, ela não mostra misericórdia para Shylock. Portia conduz um julgamento que obriga Shylock a aceitar a decisão do Duque e Antonio em relação à sua vida, religião e dinheiro. De fato, o julgamento de Portia aponta para a lei inflexível em Veneza e no final do Renascimento, em que as escolhas de classe e étnica eram levadas em consideração em julgamentos públicos. A consciência de Portia interfere no julgamento de Shylock, sugerindo que a consciência e o julgamento são misturados de tal forma que determina todo o julgamento.
Referências
ADELMAN, Janet. Blood Relations: Christian and Jew in The Merchant of Venice. Chicago/London: The University of Chicago Press: 2008.
ADELMAN, Janet. Suffocating Mothers: fantasies of maternal origin in Shakespeare’s plays, Hamlet to Tempest. New York: Routledge, 1992.
AUERBACH, Erich. Mímesis: a representação da realidade na literatura ocidental. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2007c.
BENSTON, Alice N. Portia, the Law, and the Tripartite Structure of the Merchant of Venice. Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 30, No. 3 (Summer, 1979), pp. 367-385. Folger Shakespeare Library and George Washington University.
BERGER Jr, Harry. Mercifixion in The Merchant of Venice: The Riches of Embarrassment, in Renaissance Drama, New Series, 38, 2010, pp. 3-45.
BILLELO, Thomas. Accomplished with What She Lacks: Law, Equity and Portia’s Con. In: JORDAN, Constance & CUNNINGHAM, Karen (eds.). The Law in Shakespeare. Londres: Macmillan, 2010.
BRONSTEIN, Herbert. Shakespeare, the Jews, and The Merchant of Venice. Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 20, No. 1 (Winter, 1969), pp. 3-10.
CRITCHLEY, Simon & MCCARTHY, Tom. Universal Shylockery: Money and Morality in "The Merchant of Venice". Diacritics, Vol. 34, No. 1 (Spring, 2004), pp. 2-17.
FALCÃO, M. S.; BUENO, R. P. M. Lavour’Arcaica: Imaginário, Tradição e Conflito em uma Representação. Porto das Letras, ISSN 2448-0819, Vol. 03, Nº 02. Jul.-dez., 2017.
FERNIE, Ewan. Shame in Shakespeare. Series Accents on Shakespeare. London: Routledge, 2002.
FREITAS, A. S. Análise Literária e Quadrinhística e transposição do Conto Assassinatos na Rua Morgue, de Edgar Allan Poe. Porto das Letras, ISSN 2448-0819, Vol. 03, Nº 02. Jul.-dez., 2017.
FOERSTER, Eckart. Kant’s Final Synthesis, Harvard UP, 2000.
GRAHAM, Cary B. Standards of Value in The Merchant of Venice. Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 4, No. 2 (Apr., 1953), pp. 145-151. Folger Shakespeare Library in association with George Washington University.
GREENBLAT, Stephan. Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1984.
GREENBLATT, Stephen. Renaissance Culture and Psychoanalysis. Standford: Standford UP, 1984.
GREENBLATT, Stephen. Shakespearean Negotiations: The Circulation of Social Energy in Renaissance England. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988.
HINELY, Jan Lawson. Bond Priorities in The Merchant of Venice. Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, Vol. 20, No. 2, Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama (Spring, 1980), pp. 217-239.
HIRSCHFELD, Heather Anne. 'We All Expect a Gentle Answer, Jew': The Merchant of Venice and the Psychotheology of Conversion. ELH, Volume 73, Number 1, Spring 2006, pp. 61-81. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006.
JORDAN, Constance & CUNNINGHAM, Karen (eds.). The Law in Shakespeare. Londres: Macmillan, 2010.
KANT, Immanuel. Critique of Judgment. Translated with Introduction and Notes by J. H. Bernard. New York: Dover, 2005.
KAPLAN, M. Lindsay & BEVINGTON, David (eds.). The Merchant of Venice: Texts and Contexts. New York: Palgrave, 2002
KING JAMES. The Holy Bible, 1611, available in http://www.biblegateway.com/versions/King-James-Version-KJV-Bible/. Accessed: 14/07/2012.
LEWALSKI, Barbara. Biblical Allusion and Allegory in "The Merchant of Venice". Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 3 (Summer, 1962), pp. 327-343 Shakespeare Library and George Washington University.
LUDWIG, C. R. Adaptação e Re-Criação de Ricardo III, de Al Pacino. Porto das Letras, ISSN 2448-0819, Vol. 03, Nº 02. Jul.-dez., 2017.
LUDWIG, C. R. Inwardness and Subjectivity in Early Renaissance. Porto das Letras, ISSN 2448-0819, Vol. 4, Nº 2. Jul.-dez. p. 134 – 164, 2020.
LUDWIG, C. R.; FERREIRA, R. DE S. Life and Fiction: Imagination and Literary Creation in Atonement. Porto das Letras, v. 5, n. 2, p. 58-77.
MAUS, Katharine Eisaman. Inwardness and Theater in the English Renaissance. Chicago e London: University of Chicago Press, 1995.
MONTAIGNE, Michel. Ensaios. Trad. de Sérgio Millet. São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1984. 3 vols.
NATHAN, Norman. Shylock, Jacob, and God's Judgment. Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 4 (Oct., 1950), pp. 255-259. Folger Shakespeare Library and George Washington University.
PATTERSON, Steve. The Bankruptcy of Homoerotic Amity in Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice. Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 50, No. 1 (Spring, 1999), pp. 9-32. Shakespeare Library in association with George Washington University.
ROSENFIELD, Kathrin H. L. Estética. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar Editor, 2006.
ROSS, Charles. Avoiding the issue of Fraud: 4,5 Philip & Mary c.8 (the Heiress Protection Statute), Portia and Desdemona. In: JORDAN, Constance & CUNNINGHAM, Karen (eds.). The Law in Shakespeare. Londres: Macmillan, 2010.
SECARA, Maggie. A Compendium of Common Knowledge (1558-1603): Elizabethan Commonplaces for Writers, Actors, and Re-enactors. 10th edition, 2010.
SHAKESPEARE, William. Complete Works. Londres: Wordsworth Editions, 2007.
SHAKESPEARE, William. Richard III. Edited by Antony Hammond. New York: Matheun, 1997.
SHAKESPEARE. The Merchant of Venice. Edited by Lindlay Kaplan & David Bevington. In: KAPLAN, M. Lindsay & BEVINGTON, David (eds.). The Merchant of Venice: Texts and Contexts. New York: Palgrave, 2002
SHAKESPEARE. The Merchant of Venice. Edited by John Drakakis. London: Arden, 2010.
SHAPIRO, James. Shakespeare and the Jews. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.
SHERMAN, Anita Gilman. Disowning knowledge of Jessica, or Shylock’s scepticism. Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, Vol. 44, No. 2, Tudor and Stuart Drama (Spring, 2004), pp. 277-295.
SOUSA, T. C. P. As Manipulações Narrativas em Atonement de Ian McEwan. Porto das Letras, ISSN 2448-0819, Vol. 02, Nº 02. Jul.-dez., 2016.
WILKINS, Leah Woods. Shylock's Pound of Flesh and Laban's Sheep. Modern Language Notes, Vol. 62, No. 1 (Jan., 1947), pp. 28-30, The Johns Hopkins University Press.
WILSON, Robert. Three Ladies of London. Accessed in September, 16, 2011, in: http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/9848/pg9848.html. Printed by Roger Warde: London: 1584.
ADELMAN, Janet. Suffocating Mothers: fantasies of maternal origin in Shakespeare’s plays, Hamlet to Tempest. New York: Routledge, 1992.
AUERBACH, Erich. Mímesis: a representação da realidade na literatura ocidental. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2007c.
BENSTON, Alice N. Portia, the Law, and the Tripartite Structure of the Merchant of Venice. Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 30, No. 3 (Summer, 1979), pp. 367-385. Folger Shakespeare Library and George Washington University.
BERGER Jr, Harry. Mercifixion in The Merchant of Venice: The Riches of Embarrassment, in Renaissance Drama, New Series, 38, 2010, pp. 3-45.
BILLELO, Thomas. Accomplished with What She Lacks: Law, Equity and Portia’s Con. In: JORDAN, Constance & CUNNINGHAM, Karen (eds.). The Law in Shakespeare. Londres: Macmillan, 2010.
BRONSTEIN, Herbert. Shakespeare, the Jews, and The Merchant of Venice. Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 20, No. 1 (Winter, 1969), pp. 3-10.
CRITCHLEY, Simon & MCCARTHY, Tom. Universal Shylockery: Money and Morality in "The Merchant of Venice". Diacritics, Vol. 34, No. 1 (Spring, 2004), pp. 2-17.
FALCÃO, M. S.; BUENO, R. P. M. Lavour’Arcaica: Imaginário, Tradição e Conflito em uma Representação. Porto das Letras, ISSN 2448-0819, Vol. 03, Nº 02. Jul.-dez., 2017.
FERNIE, Ewan. Shame in Shakespeare. Series Accents on Shakespeare. London: Routledge, 2002.
FREITAS, A. S. Análise Literária e Quadrinhística e transposição do Conto Assassinatos na Rua Morgue, de Edgar Allan Poe. Porto das Letras, ISSN 2448-0819, Vol. 03, Nº 02. Jul.-dez., 2017.
FOERSTER, Eckart. Kant’s Final Synthesis, Harvard UP, 2000.
GRAHAM, Cary B. Standards of Value in The Merchant of Venice. Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 4, No. 2 (Apr., 1953), pp. 145-151. Folger Shakespeare Library in association with George Washington University.
GREENBLAT, Stephan. Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1984.
GREENBLATT, Stephen. Renaissance Culture and Psychoanalysis. Standford: Standford UP, 1984.
GREENBLATT, Stephen. Shakespearean Negotiations: The Circulation of Social Energy in Renaissance England. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988.
HINELY, Jan Lawson. Bond Priorities in The Merchant of Venice. Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, Vol. 20, No. 2, Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama (Spring, 1980), pp. 217-239.
HIRSCHFELD, Heather Anne. 'We All Expect a Gentle Answer, Jew': The Merchant of Venice and the Psychotheology of Conversion. ELH, Volume 73, Number 1, Spring 2006, pp. 61-81. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006.
JORDAN, Constance & CUNNINGHAM, Karen (eds.). The Law in Shakespeare. Londres: Macmillan, 2010.
KANT, Immanuel. Critique of Judgment. Translated with Introduction and Notes by J. H. Bernard. New York: Dover, 2005.
KAPLAN, M. Lindsay & BEVINGTON, David (eds.). The Merchant of Venice: Texts and Contexts. New York: Palgrave, 2002
KING JAMES. The Holy Bible, 1611, available in http://www.biblegateway.com/versions/King-James-Version-KJV-Bible/. Accessed: 14/07/2012.
LEWALSKI, Barbara. Biblical Allusion and Allegory in "The Merchant of Venice". Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 3 (Summer, 1962), pp. 327-343 Shakespeare Library and George Washington University.
LUDWIG, C. R. Adaptação e Re-Criação de Ricardo III, de Al Pacino. Porto das Letras, ISSN 2448-0819, Vol. 03, Nº 02. Jul.-dez., 2017.
LUDWIG, C. R. Inwardness and Subjectivity in Early Renaissance. Porto das Letras, ISSN 2448-0819, Vol. 4, Nº 2. Jul.-dez. p. 134 – 164, 2020.
LUDWIG, C. R.; FERREIRA, R. DE S. Life and Fiction: Imagination and Literary Creation in Atonement. Porto das Letras, v. 5, n. 2, p. 58-77.
MAUS, Katharine Eisaman. Inwardness and Theater in the English Renaissance. Chicago e London: University of Chicago Press, 1995.
MONTAIGNE, Michel. Ensaios. Trad. de Sérgio Millet. São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1984. 3 vols.
NATHAN, Norman. Shylock, Jacob, and God's Judgment. Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 4 (Oct., 1950), pp. 255-259. Folger Shakespeare Library and George Washington University.
PATTERSON, Steve. The Bankruptcy of Homoerotic Amity in Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice. Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 50, No. 1 (Spring, 1999), pp. 9-32. Shakespeare Library in association with George Washington University.
ROSENFIELD, Kathrin H. L. Estética. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar Editor, 2006.
ROSS, Charles. Avoiding the issue of Fraud: 4,5 Philip & Mary c.8 (the Heiress Protection Statute), Portia and Desdemona. In: JORDAN, Constance & CUNNINGHAM, Karen (eds.). The Law in Shakespeare. Londres: Macmillan, 2010.
SECARA, Maggie. A Compendium of Common Knowledge (1558-1603): Elizabethan Commonplaces for Writers, Actors, and Re-enactors. 10th edition, 2010.
SHAKESPEARE, William. Complete Works. Londres: Wordsworth Editions, 2007.
SHAKESPEARE, William. Richard III. Edited by Antony Hammond. New York: Matheun, 1997.
SHAKESPEARE. The Merchant of Venice. Edited by Lindlay Kaplan & David Bevington. In: KAPLAN, M. Lindsay & BEVINGTON, David (eds.). The Merchant of Venice: Texts and Contexts. New York: Palgrave, 2002
SHAKESPEARE. The Merchant of Venice. Edited by John Drakakis. London: Arden, 2010.
SHAPIRO, James. Shakespeare and the Jews. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.
SHERMAN, Anita Gilman. Disowning knowledge of Jessica, or Shylock’s scepticism. Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, Vol. 44, No. 2, Tudor and Stuart Drama (Spring, 2004), pp. 277-295.
SOUSA, T. C. P. As Manipulações Narrativas em Atonement de Ian McEwan. Porto das Letras, ISSN 2448-0819, Vol. 02, Nº 02. Jul.-dez., 2016.
WILKINS, Leah Woods. Shylock's Pound of Flesh and Laban's Sheep. Modern Language Notes, Vol. 62, No. 1 (Jan., 1947), pp. 28-30, The Johns Hopkins University Press.
WILSON, Robert. Three Ladies of London. Accessed in September, 16, 2011, in: http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/9848/pg9848.html. Printed by Roger Warde: London: 1584.
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2020-06-05
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Ludwig, C. R. (2020). Judgment, Conscience and Shylock’s Bond. Porto Das Letras, 6(2), 296–325. Recuperado de https://sistemas.uft.edu.br/periodicos/index.php/portodasletras/article/view/9572
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