A lei da queda dos corpos de Galileu e a física moderna

aspetos históricos e filosóficos

Autores

  • Isabel Serra CFCUL

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20873/rpv8n1-66

Resumo

A reconhecida inovação científica que caracteriza a investigação de Galileu sobre a queda dos corpos tem constituído um estímulo e um desafio para historiadores e filósofos da ciência. Neste artigo analisam-se vários aspetos desse trabalho de Galileu que, segundo alguns autores, conduziu a um modelo de investigação válido ainda hoje (parágrafos 2 e 3). Procura-se estabelecer o paralelismo com a ciência atual com base no método usado por Galileu, na sua forma de considerar os instrumentos científicos, e ainda na sua prática de confronto entre teoria e experiência. O modo de investigação galileana pode ser considerado sob diferentes perspetivas filosóficas: no parágrafo 3 examina-se a relevância das perspetivas construtivista e convencionalista na análise das inovações de Galileu. No parágrafo 4 discute-se a contribuição de Galileu para a matematização da ciência e o caráter Platónico do seu pensamento. Finalmente, procura-se mostrar que o Platonismo de Galileu inclui também as experiências, tal como ele as concebia.

Palavras- Chave: Plano inclinado. Matemática. Platonismo

Referências

Bachelard, G., (1967), La Formation de l'esprit scientifique : Contribution à une psychanalyse de la connaissance

objective, Paris : J. VRIN, (1st ed. 1934).

Chareix, F., (2007), Weight and powers: Galileo's statics read by Ernst Mach, Europe. Revue littéraire mensuelle, Europe. Revue, 2007, p.229- 250. ⟨halshs-00422711⟩ (Accessed 10 April 2022).

Dahan-Dalmedico, A. & Peiffer, J. (1986) Une histoire des mathématiques, Routes et dédales. Paris: Seuil,

PERSPECTIVAS | VOL. 8, Nº 1, 2023, P. 246-262

Galileo’s law of free fall and modern science: historical and philosophical views

DOI: 10.20873/rpv8n1-66

DeCaro, M. (2017), On Galileo’s Platonism, Again in R. Pisano, J. Agassi and D. Drozdova (eds.), Hypotheses

and Perspectives within History and Philosophy of Science. Homage to Alexandre Koyré 1964–2014,

Springer 2017, pp. 84-104. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61712-1_5 (Accessed 2 Mai, 2022).

Drake, S. (1974), Mathematics and discovery in Galileo's physics, Historia Mathematica Volume 1, Issue 2,

, p. 129-150, May, 1974, https://doi.org/10.1016/0315-0860(74)90002-0.p (Accessed 13 February, 2022).

Driver, R., Asoko, H., Leach, J., Scott, P., Mortimer, E. (1994), Constructing Scientific Knowledge in the Classroom, Educational Researcher, 23,7, 5-12, https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X023007005 (Accessed, 12 April, 2022).

Franklin, A. and Slobodan, P. (2021), Experiment in Physics, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2021 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2021/entries/physics-experiment/>. (Accessed, 21 April 2022).

Friedman, M., Ernst Cassirer, (2022), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2022 Edition), Edward

N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/cassirer/ (Accessed 6

Mai, 2022).

Galilei, G. (1953) Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Translator: Drake, S., Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1953, ISBN 0-520-00449-3.

Hacking, I. (1999), The social construction of what? Cambridge (Massachusetts) London (England): Harvard

University Press, 1999.

Heilbron, J., (1979), Electricity in the 17th & 18th Centuries. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1979.

Heinzmann, G. and Stump (2021), D., Henri Poincaré, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2021

Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2021/entries/poincare/>. (Accessed 28 April 2022).

Holton, G. (1962), Introduction to Concepts and Theories in Physical Science, 6th ed. London: Addison-Wesley,

Koyré, A. (1939), Études Galiléennes, Paris: Hermann, 1939.

Koyré, A. (1943), Galileo and Plato, Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 4, No. 4 (Oct., 1943), pp. 400-428 (29

pages), University of Pennsylvania Press, https://doi.org/10.2307/2707166, (Accessed 24 April

.

Mach, E. (1902), The Science of Mechanics, A Critical and Historical Account of its Development, trans. Thomas

McCormack, Chicago and London: The Open Court Publishing Company, 3rd ed. 1902.

Machamer, P. & Miller, D. (2021), "Galileo Galilei", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2021

Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2021/entries/galileo/>. (Accessed 12 April, 2022).

Matteoli,G., (2019), Galileo, Plato and the Scientific Revolution: The Origins of Galileo’s Platonism Thesis in

the Historiography of Science, Transversal: International Journal for the Historiography of Science

(7): 70-84, ISSN 2526-2270, www.historiographyofscience.org, Belo Horizonte – MG / Brazil.,

(Accessed 14 May, 2022)

Palmieri, P. (2003), Mental models in Galileo’s early mathematization of nature, Stud. Hist. Phil. Sci. 34 (2003)

–264, www.elsevier.com/locate/shpsa (Accessed, 14 May 2022).

PERSPECTIVAS | VOL. 8, Nº 1, 2023, P. 246-262

Galileo’s law of free fall and modern science: historical and philosophical views

DOI: 10.20873/rpv8n1-66

Panza, M. (2002), Mathematization of the Science of Motion and the Birth of Analytical Mechanics: A Historiographical Note.in P. Cerrai, P. Freguglia, C. Pellegrini. The Application of Mathematics to the Sciences

of Nature. Critical moments and Aspects. Kluwer A. P., Plenum P., New York, pp.253-271, 2002.

(Accessed 4, May, 2022).

Poincaré, H., (1902), La Science et l’Hypothèse, Paris : Flammarion, 1902.

Poincaré, H. (1982), The Foundations of Science: Science and Hypothesis, The Value of Science, Science and

Method, translations of Poincaré 1902, 1905b & 1908, University Press of America, 1982.

Radder, H. (2009), The philosophy of scientific experimentation: a review. Autom Exp 1, 2 (2009).

https://doi.org/10.1186/1759-4499-1-2. (Accessed 16 April 2022).

Riegler A. (2012) Constructivism. In: L‘Abate, L. (ed.) Paradigms in Theory Construction, New York: Springer,

–256.

Roux, S. and Festa, E. (2008), The Enigma of the Inclined Plane from Hero to Galileo in Mechanics and Natural

Philosophy before the Scientific Revolution, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp.195-221,

, halshs-00806464. (Accessed 2 Mars, 2022).

Sady, W. (2021), Ludwik Fleck, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2021 Edition), Edward N.

Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2021/entries/fleck/>. (Accessed 11

April 2022).

Simonyi, K. (2012) A Cultural History of Physics, New York: A K Peters/CRC Press, 2012 ISBN 9781568813295.

Torretti, R. (1999), The Philosophy of Physics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Downloads

Publicado

2023-04-05

Como Citar

Serra, I. (2023). A lei da queda dos corpos de Galileu e a física moderna: aspetos históricos e filosóficos. Perspectivas, 8(1), 246–262. https://doi.org/10.20873/rpv8n1-66

Edição

Seção

Dossiê Filosofia da Física