Remoção de nutrientes de vinhaça por Klebsormidium flaccidum e produ-ção de biomassa com potencial econômico

Ronald Tarazona Delgado; Mayara dos Santos Guarieiro; Frederico Pacheco Militão; Valéria de Oliveira Fernandes

doi:10.20873/jbb.uft.cemaf.v13n1.18757

Autores

Ronald Tarazona Delgado Universidade Federal do Rio Grande https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1366-6269
Mayara dos Santos Guarieiro Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7972-5594
Frederico Pacheco Militão Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9507-8008
Valéria de Oliveira Fernandes Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1968-3927

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20873/jbb.uft.cemaf.v13n1.18757

Palavras-chave:

efluente, microalga, remediação, sustentabilidade

Resumo

O etanol é uma alternativa sustentável para a mobilidade devido à baixa emissão de carbono. No Brasil, a produção de etanol da cana-de-açúcar gera grande quantidade de vinhaça, e o seu principal uso na fertirrigação causa impactos ambientais negativos. Este estudo visa cultivar a microalga Klebsormidium flaccidum usando vinhaça como fonte de nutrientes e simultaneamente produzir biomassa de valor econômico. Foram testados três tratamentos com concentrações de 10%, 20% e 30% de vinhaça diluída, recebendo as denominações T1, T2 e T3, respectivamente. Um cultivo utilizando meio Basal de Bold foi considerado como controle. Embora os tratamentos tenham resultado em densidades celulares inferiores ao controle, houve aumento na massa seca (MS) devido à disponibilidade de nutrientes. Os pigmentos fotossintéticos (clorofila a e carotenoides) foram inferiores nos tratamentos, mas as proteínas aumentaram com a adição da vinhaça (T2 e T3: 8,72 ± 0,11% MS). Os carboidratos foram mais abundantes na concentração menor de vinhaça (T1: 66,39% MS), enquanto que o maior teor de lipídeos entre os tratamentos foi registrado em T1 (5,74% MS). Dentre os ácidos graxos, destacou-se a presença elevada do ácido mirístico (T3: 164,4 µg g^-1 MS) e ácido palmítico (T2: 176,4 µg g^-1 MS). K. flaccidum demonstrou uma alta eficiência de remoção de N-total e NH₄⁺ (> 90%) nos tratamentos T2 e T3. As maiores remoções de P-total, sua forma iônica PO₄^-3, e K também aconteceram nesses tratamentos. Nossos resultados ressaltam o potencial de K. flaccidum na remoção de nutrientes de águas residuais agrícolas, promovendo uma economia sustentável.

Palavras-chaves: alga, efluente, remediação, sustentabilidade

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