Extração e caracterização química do óleo da semente de nim (Azadirachta indica)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20873/jbb.uft.cemaf.v11n4.16258Palavras-chave:
Azadirachta indica a. juss , cromatografia gasosa, microextração em headspace de fase sólida, sohxletResumo
A árvore nim (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) é conhecida por suas propriedades terapêuticas, pesticidas, fertilizantes e farmacológicas. Devido a esses atributos, essa árvore tem potencial econômico e continua sendo utilizada mundialmente. Para a extração do óleo foi utilizado o sistema Sohxlet, para a extração e caracterização dos voláteis foi utilizado o método HS-SPME/CG-EM e o perfil de ácidos graxos foi caracterizado por CG-DIC. O rendimento médio obtido do óleo foi de 23%. Foram detectados 34 compostos voláteis, dos quais 9 foram identificados pelo índice de Kovat: 2-metildecano, 3-metildecano, 4-metildecano, 2-metilundecano, 3-metilundecano, 3,4-dimetiltiofeno, 2,5-diol- 3-hexano, 1,2,3-trimetilbenzeno e buticiclohexano. Além dos voláteis no óleo, foram encontrados 7 ácidos graxos; ácido oleico, ácido linoleico, ácido palmítico e ácido esteárico, entre esses a maior concentração encontrada foi de ácido oleico e ácido linoleico. Diante da presença destes compostos químicos no óleo de nim, sugere-se, para investigações subsequentes, o isolamento e aplicação dos compostos organossulfurados como inseticidas. A extração do óleo das flores e sementes de nim com solventes menos prejudiciais ao meio ambiente, juntamente com sua aplicação, possibilita a avaliação de seu potencial pesticida. Além disso, é fundamental avaliar a influência do nim na população de abelhas, analisando casos de mortalidade e buscando soluções para evitar danos ambientais. Adicionalmente, destaca-se a viabilidade do óleo de nim como produto de limpeza industrial e hospitalar, explorando as propriedades antimicrobianas, antibacterianas e propriedades biodegradáveis.
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