The System of Public Administration in educational institutions in rural regions in the context of the development of educational culture

. The main purpose of the article is to study the main qualities of public administration of the higher education system in rural areas. One of the tasks of the state policy in relation to higher education in rural areas at present is the development of a system for diagnosing the quality of education to determine the compliance of the level of education with state standards. In the formation of state policy in the field of higher education in modern conditions, in comparison with recent times, the problem of the quality of higher education has become the leading one. Formation of conditions for the fullest satisfaction of the needs of citizens in high-quality higher education, and the economy - in competent specialists, is becoming one of the main tasks of public administration bodies in higher education in rural areas. In modern conditions of civilizational development, the state plays the main, decisive role in the development of education - by its inherent methods, it is actively involved in the management of educational processes in rural areas. As a result of the study, the most indicative foreign experience of public administration of the higher education system in rural areas was analyzed.


RBEC
Tocantinópolis/Brasil v. 7 e14140 10.20873/uft.rbec.e14140 2022 ISSN: 2525-4863 2 El Sistema de Gestión Pública en las instituciones educativas de las regiones rurales en el contexto del desarrollo de la cultura educativa RESUMEN. El propósito principal del artículo es estudiar las principales cualidades de la administración pública del sistema de educación superior en las zonas rurales. Una de las tareas de la política estatal en relación con la educación superior en las zonas rurales en la actualidad es el desarrollo de un sistema de diagnóstico de la calidad de la educación para determinar el cumplimiento del nivel de educación con los estándares estatales. En la formación de la política estatal en el campo de la educación superior en las condiciones modernas, en comparación con los últimos tiempos, el problema de la calidad de la educación superior se ha convertido en el principal. La formación de condiciones para la plena satisfacción de las necesidades de los ciudadanos en educación superior de alta calidad y la economía, en especialistas competentes, se está convirtiendo en una de las principales tareas de los órganos de administración pública en educación superior en áreas rurales. En las condiciones modernas del desarrollo de la civilización, el estado desempeña el papel principal y decisivo en el desarrollo de la educación: por sus métodos inherentes, participa activamente en la gestión de los procesos educativos en las zonas rurales. Como resultado del estudio se analizó la experiencia extranjera más indicativa de la gestión pública del sistema de educación superior en el medio rural.

Introduction
In recent years, a chaotic development of the educational services market has been carried out, which has caused a disproportionate supply and demand. Given the presence of high competition, demographic and economic differences in the region, the educational services market is characterized by instability and insecurity. Regional rural educational institutions should reorient their activities to the actual needs of the economy, focusing on the priority needs of the modern labor market and the needs of the population. The formation of a regional market of educational services in rural areas cannot be imagined without the use of marketing communications, which are a key tool for promoting educational institutions in the educational services market.
The main function of public administration bodies in higher education in rural areasevaluation -should from the very beginning be split between the state administration structures proper and non-state audit, accreditation agencies, and the professional community. Only under such conditions, the mechanism we propose will be effective, mobile, flexible, workable in the face of changes with the necessary resource of power and guarantees of efficiency, the ability to improve through the procedural side of public administration and modernize the interaction of subsystems of the public administration system and the public.
The quality of education as a managerial category is aimed at finding ways of its development and renewal, determines strategies for influencing the functioning of the educational system and methods of influencing the indicators of the functioning of the educational system, and chooses ways of changes and development. The quality of education is considered as the quality of the result of the educational process -the compliance of the level of training of graduates with the demand of employers, the requirements of standards and characteristics of the system for ensuring this quality -the The need for state regulation of the higher education system is determined by the inability of the market to provide educational services in full and of a certain quality, as well as the refusal of strict administrative management of the higher education system.
Education is a component of socio-economic development of the state and in modern conditions needs to be reformed and renewed. Therefore, today it is important to develop new strategies for reforming and improving the higher education system, to conduct an independent examination of the activities of higher education institutions, to determine the social order, to monitor the activities of the state apparatus.
Transformational changes in society, political crises, economic instability of the state, inability of public authorities to make timely and effective management decisions to regulate the higher education system -all this leads to lower quality of services in higher education. As at the beginning of the XXI century, today the sphere of educational policy has the following characteristics: limited resources, their mostly irrational use, systemic deficit of budget funding, lack of priority status in society, low activity of other participants in educational policy and more. Note that the mechanism of public administration is to bring the object of government to the desired state by organizing channels of direct and feedback, which transforms the life of society into a single, purposeful, efficient, productive organism that is constantly evolving. It is with the help of the control mechanism that the external and internal interaction of the bodies of the control system is regulated: the direct communication channel receives administrative information to the object of management, and the feedback channel -reporting. Therefore, in our opinion, the control mechanism should be a component of the mechanism of public administration. The main purpose of the article is to study the main qualities of public administration of the higher education system in rural areas. In this context, the main object of research will be the system of public administration of higher education in rural areas.

Methodology
The main purpose of the article is to study the main qualities of public administration of the higher education system in rural areas. To do this, a number of methods were used that make up the research methodology. The study was conducted using the following theoretical methods: system analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, classification, generalization and systematization, idealization and abstraction. These methods are actively used in many studies (Kryshtanovych, Kryshtanovych, Stechkevych, Ivanytska & Huzii, 2020 The methods of system analysis and synthesis were used for a detailed analysis of theoretical and practical information for the purpose of its processing. Methods of induction and deduction were used to understand the information received. Comparison and classification methods were used to compare information and facts in order to select the optimal result. Methods of generalization and systematization, idealization and abstraction were used to form certain conclusions and research results.
In general, our study consisted of the analysis and processing of information, its thorough study, during the study itself, the education system in rural areas was carefully analyzed.

Research results
In a developed civil society, power is dependent on citizens, because the public has an education systems that employ professional teachers, provide access to basic education and equal rights to education for all, achieve high literacy rates, developed scientific potential and ensure the participation of civil society (Bast, 1995;Braga, 2020;Norkina, 2009).
Let us dwell on certain aspects of education management in these countries, in particular, on the powers of local self-government bodies in the field of education; basic approaches to financing institutions of preschool and general secondary education; and the public in the management of education at the local level. For this purpose, funds are allocated from the state budget through educational subventions to both municipal and private educational institutions. These expenses are directed to the salaries of teachers and heads of the educational institution, raising their qualifications, textbooks and teaching aids, meals for students. To a large extent, the calculation of the educational subvention is influenced by the occupancy rate of classes.
In addition, the state finances the costs associated with the creation of a boarding school. The rest of the school's expenses are covered by the school governing body (that is, usually the local authority or, with private schools, a private legal entity). City schools are financed from local budgets (utilities, cleaning in schools, work of social workers and psychologists, renovation of premises, etc. We share the authors' opinion that the United States has a competitive advantage among the world's leading countries in science and education. Indeed, even the United States has such advantages (Table 1). The most developed educational system in the world, which responds flexibly to the needs of society and production 2 A well-developed scientific infrastructure, undeniable leadership in the world in key areas of fundamental and applied science 3 A financial system that provides access to venture capital to support the process of technological innovation in the regional economy 4 State policy in the field of science, technology and education, which ensures the development of development priorities and focus on state funding for the field of education and science 5 Effective practice and long-term traditions of cooperation between the state and the private sector in the field of education and science in rural areas Source: Formed by authors.
As a result of a study of the mechanisms of education and science management in the United States, the following trends were revealed (Doorwar, Meraj & Hassan, 2019;Drebot, Kryshtanovych, Kryshtanovych & Kozmuk, 2019): -the use of education management specialists for the management of educational institutions, rather than specialists in scientific fields, the development of a training system for work administrators; -business strategies are increasingly used in the management of educational institutions.
In the United States, education is sponsored at the federal, state, and local levels. The federal government plays a limited but important role in education policy at all levels. The federal government's primary agency in education is the United States Department of Education, whose mission is to ensure a level playing field to education and to promote Higher education institutions in rural areas will not be controlled by line ministries and will be able to draw up their own curricula and programs. The expert comes to the conclusion about an increase in investment in education. "If reforms in this area are not implemented, and investments in this sector continue to decline, the effectiveness of the education system will continue to decline and the prospects for economic growth in Eastern Europe and Central Asia will be undermined." (Tkachuk 2018;Zwick, 2018;Voznyuk & Potsulejko, 2012).

Discussions
As a result of the study of the mechanisms of state management of the innovative development of education and science in rural areas in the leading countries of the world, it was found that a special interpretation. Internationalization at both the national and institutional levels is becoming a key element in the development of education and science in most countries of the world, especially in the Euro. Theorists note the importance of integrated strategic approaches to internationalization (Kryshtanovych, Gavrysh, Kholtobina, Melnychuk & Salnikova 2020;Kartashova, 2015;Mazaraki & Tkachenko, 2013). Studies of European education systems allow us to determine the specific characteristics inherent in individual national systems. For example, the English education system is characterized by a market orientation, German -federalism, and French -the preservation of traditions and cultural identity.
Discussing the results of the study, it would be appropriate to highlight that today it is extremely important to analyze the experience of the public administration system for rural education, which is why the results obtained are valuable. Of course, a number of factors depend on the specifics of the countryside and the region, but in general, the principles on which the public administration system should be based should be guided by world experience.

Conclusions
Consequently, the development of the sphere of higher education in rural areas is the priority of each state, since education has a significant impact on the complex transformation processes taking place in the modern world. Quality education is one of the prerequisites for the successful development of a country, its national security and competitiveness.
Analyzing the experience of foreign countries in the implementation of mechanisms of state management of the development of education and science, it is noted that a valuable The main results of the study for rural education are the analysis of international experience and the demonstration of how the system of public administration of education can work effectively and correctly in rural areas.